Tip from the DC Road Runners!
Types of Injuries
There are two major injury classes. They are Acute
injuries and Overuse injuries. Acute injuries occur suddenly and are the
result of a rapid increase in stress on a particular bodily system. These are
more common in sports where rapid changes in direction occur, for example
tennis, squash, football, etc., and include things like sprains, broken
bones-ligaments-tendons, bruises etc. Something happens where a part of the
body (like a muscle) is put under a great deal of stress for a short period of
time and it breaks, snaps or tears. This is one of the reasons you may want to
hold off on participating in such sports while training for a distance race.
Overuse injuries on the other hand are caused by a
gradual breakdown in the bodily system you are using. Training can break it
down a little and there may not be enough time for your body to repair itself.
The next time you train it breaks down some more. Eventually it gets sore, and
then it fails. This can occur in almost all of the same areas as acute
injuries. One of the major causes is imbalances between the two sides of the
body. This may put the left or right side under more stress than the other. The
weaker side needs more rest but doesn't get it so eventually it protests before
giving way.
Combinations of the two are also common. Especially where
overuse has created a weaker system that is suddenly put under acute stress.
Training involves plenty of stress so we should constantly be on the lookout
for any message from our body telling us that something is amiss. Consult
the coaches if problems arise.
The next two sections will be in point form as there is a
lot of information to provide. Please remember that with any injury a
Doctor (especially one who specializes in sports medicine) will give the best
advice and especially a physical therapist to which they will likely refer you
for treatment.
Runner's Knee
The most common
injury from running, primarily caused by muscle imbalances.
Treatment
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate) 10 minutes after
running. You can also do cycles of 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off two
times in the morning and evening whether you work out or not.
Prevention
Strengthen quadriceps (muscles in front of upper leg),
increase flexibility of opposing muscles (hamstring, calf), or use of arch
supports.
Achilles Tendonitis
The Achilles tendon
on the back of the foot above the heel can suffer damage or become inflamed.
Treatment
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compress, and Elevate), ice 10-15
minutes on and 10-15 minutes off, do not stretch until there is no pain, then
gentle stretching, no hill work and elevate the heel.
Prevention
Orthotics, change of running surface, avoid speed/hill
sessions on cold tendons. A good stretch for the Achilles tendon is to stand on
the balls of your feet on a curb or stairs, with your legs straight. Lower both
heels and hold for about 10 seconds
Shin Splints
Tenderness/pain on
the front and slightly to the side of the lower leg
Treatment
RICE (wait 10 mins), no hills especially downhill, no speed
work
Prevention
Strengthen muscles around shins, use of orthotics, avoid
banked surfaces
Stress Fracture
Diagnosed by
doctor, rest, no running for upwards of 6-8 weeks
Back Pain
Prevention
Shorten your stride, strengthen abdominals, stretch,
meditation, avoid hills, banked surfaces
Ankle Sprain
Treatment
RICE followed by 15mins on/off with an ice pack or
bag of frozen peas
One of the most common causes of injury is a change in
the current activity you are doing. Any change can stress your body's
systems and should be taken with care. Some of the more common changes
that can cause problems may include:
·
Running surface (cement or concrete harder than asphalt harder than
grass harder than sand)
·
Running faster
·
Running on hills (especially downhill)
·
Running shoes (change after no more than 800km/500miles of use)
·
Running too much
·
Sudden large increases in distance
Other Causes of Injuries
·
Lack of sleep
·
Poor diet
·
Unequal leg length
·
Old or not properly healed injuries
·
Poor muscle strength or muscle imbalance
·
Not enough recovery
·
Weather (especially extreme heat or cold)
·
Poor shoe fit, or you require orthotics
·
General stress
·
Other sports
·
Age
As you can see, there are a lot of factors that will
cause your body to break down. Try your best to bring balance to your
life (sleep, diet, training, etc). Please consult the coaches if
something starts to bother you.